Abstract: . . .  performed using 10,000 BU of grass pollen extract delivered as a fixed dose in each nostril. Blood samples and bronchial and nasal biopsy samples were collected before the provocation and 24 hours later. Levels of eosinophils, IL-5, eotaxin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and human endothelium marker (CD31) were measured in the biopsy samples. Total numbers of eosinophils were measured in blood samples. At 24 hours after nasal allergen challenge, increased nasal and bronchial symptoms and reduced pulmonary and nasal function were noted in the subjects with allergic rhinitis but not in the control subjects. Eosinophils . . .
. . .  sinus disease as indicated by CT scan correlates with which of the following factors? a. Peripheral eosinophil counts in patients with sinusitis b. Serum IgE in patients with sinusitis c. Sinus tissue eosinophilia in patients with rhinitis d. Only (a) and (c) are correct. e. (a), (b), and (c) are correct. 8. A direct relationship between sinonasal mucosal thickening and bronchial inflammation can be demonstrated in patients with sinusitis and severe asthma. Which of the following conclusions may be drawn from these results? a. Eosinophilic inflammation in the sinuses contributes to lower airway inflammation. b. The same diffuse disease of the upper and lower airways may cause inflammation in both . . .
. . .  amounts aspirated ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 mL. The authors speculate that, since sleep impairs the cough reflex, aspiration occurs passively during normal sleep and may provide a mechanism for the introduction of organisms from the upper airway into the lung. It is also possible that cells or inflammatory mediators present in aspirated nasal secretions may play a role in the effect of rhinitis on the development of lower airway hyperresponsiveness. This contrasts with the lack of pulmonary aspiration of maxillary sinus contents into the lung in the study by Bardin. Nasal-bronchial reflex Fontanari investigated the changes in lower airway resistance induced by nasal inhalation . . .
. . .  nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis : Influence of natural allergen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:904-910 6. Bardin P, Van Heerden, Joubert J. Absence of pulmonary aspiration of sinus con- tents in patients with asthma and sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;86:82-88 7. Gleeson J, Eggli D, Maxwell S. Quantitative aspiration during sleep in normal subjects. Chest 1997;111:1266-1272 8. Fontanari P, Burnet H, Zattara-Hartmann M, Jammes Y. Changes in airway resistance induced by nasal inhalation of cold dry, dry, or moist air in normal individuals. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:1739-1743 9. Braunstahl G-J, Overbeek S, KleinJan A, Prins J-B, Hoogsteden H, Fokkens W. Nasal . . .
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